Wang Jian (王鉴 in Chinese, 1598-1677) was a renowned literati painter in the kate Ming and early Qing dynasty. He was born into a scholar's family in Taicang, Jiangsu province, and grew up in a literary and artistic atmosphere. At the age of 36, he passed the imperial civil examination at the provincial level and served as an official for a few years under the Ming regime. Later, he resigned and returned to his hometown, never serving the newly established Qing regime.

In landscape painting, he learned from earlier masters Dong Yuan and Huang Gongwang. He was skilled in the 'cun' method, which involved shading and modeling with brushstrokes to create the texture of tree trunks, rocks, and mountains. He often used dark ink, giving his paintings an ancient appearance.

Alongside three other Wangs (Wang Shimin, Wang Hui, and Wang Yuanqi), who were related either by blood or in a teacher-student relationship, the Four Wangs represented the Orthodox School of landscape painting and followed in the footsteps of Yuan masters.