Giuseppe Castiglione, S.J. (Chinese name 郞世宁, 1688 – 1766), was an Italian Jesuit brother and missionary in China. He served as a court artist at the imperial court of three emperors in the Qing dynasty – the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong emperors, spanning 50 years.

He was born in Milan, Italy, and received his education at home with a private tutor. He also learned to paint under the guidance of a master. In 1707, at the age of 19, he entered the Society of Jesus in Genoa. Through Jesuit Brothers in China, he accepted the position of court painter and arrived in Macau in 1715. He was presented to Emperor Kangxi in 1720. As a court painter, he created numerous portraits of the emperors, court ladies, imperial horses, exotic flowers, and recorded many historical events at the court.

His painting style fused European painting with traditional Chinese ink painting. His techniques and style were favored by the emperors and greatly influenced the artistic taste and court painting during the Qing dynasty.