Chen Shizeng (陈师曾 1876-1923), original name Chen Hengke, courtesy name Shizeng, was a renowned Chinese painter, art critic, and educator in early 20th-century China. Chen Shizeng is an important figure in modern Chinese art history. 

Born into an aristocratic family, his grandfather served as the governor of Hunan province during the Qing dynasty, and his father was a well-known poet. Both were staunch supporters of the Hundred Days' Reform but were stripped of their government titles after the reform's failure.

In 1902, Shizheng traveled to Japan to study at Tokyo University of Education (now University of Tsukuba). Upon returning to China in 1910, he furthered his painting studies under Master Wu Changshuo and held various teaching positions in schools and universities.

Between 1920 and 1921, he founded the Chinese Painting Research Association with Zhou Zhaoxiang. He authored articles such as 'The Value of Literati Painting' and 'A Study of Chinese Literati Painting' to defend and champion Chinese literati painting, which had been marginalized and rejected by many Chinese painters in favor of Western painting styles at that time.

Chen Shizeng passed away on September 12, 1923, at the age of 47, after caring for his stepmother during her final days.